Friday, December 27, 2019

The US Laws and Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable...

The US Laws and Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable Business Practices BUSN115 September 21, 2013 Professor Neal McGregor The US Laws and Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable Business Practices The United States became one of the most influential world powers virtually overnight. The system of functionality which maintains this growth and power is the refined codes of business practices which are the cornerstone for domestic and international business relations the world over. Due to the unprecedented growth and prosperity of our nations economy and government, many countries look to us as a model of free enterprise for other nations. One doctrine of thought is the United States belief that our government†¦show more content†¦One great example of this type of relationship is the two businesses Macintosh and Windows. Historically they have always been in constant competition with one another, which has ultimately benefitted the people of the world by fueling competitive innovation. [1] â€Å"National competition law usually does not cover activity beyond territorial borders unless it has significant effects at nation-state level.† One law, which helps protect businesses and promotes fair competition for the benefit of the consumers, is the US Anti-Trust law. This law is comprised of three different acts: The Sherman Act 1890, the Clayton Act 1914 and the Federal Trade Commission Act 1914. The first role these acts perform is to restrict the formation of cartels which would perform outside of the guidelines of the government and there for not be bound by there laws. The second role these acts perform is to ensure no single business entity can perform a certain level of mergers and acquisitions, which would essentially turn them into a monopoly and reduce competition. Overall, the antitrust laws are constantly debated for their overall functionality and efficiency in protecting the fair business practices of the United States. [2] â€Å"One view, mostly closely associated with the Chicago School of economics suggests that antitrust laws should focus solely on the benefits to consumers and overall efficiency, wh ile a broad range ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Oecd Principles Are For An Effective Corporate Governance?1655 Words   |  7 Pagesmany set guidelines to ensure the corporation makes a positive impact on market conditions to benefit shareholders, its employees and other market participants. Outlined in CN Rail’s corporate governance manual, CN Rail has a strict set of rules pertaining to the composition of the board of directors. Their â€Å"Governance Committee† has ruled that there must be at least 7 directors to a maximum of 21. The majority of the board shall consist of â€Å"independent† directors to ensure and promote a fair, effectiveRead MoreStabilisation in Investment Contracts and Changes of Rules in Host Countries: Tools for Oil Gas Investors34943 Words   |  140 PagesStabilisation in Investment Contracts and Changes of Rules in Host Countries: Tools for Oil Gas Investors Peter D Cameron ACIArb PhD (University of Edinburgh), LLB (Joint Honours) (University of Edinburgh) Professor of International Energy Law and Policy CEPMLP, University of Dundee, UK p.d.cameron@dundee.ac.uk FINAL REPORT 5 July 2006  © Copyright Peter D Cameron PDCameron/AIPN/Final Report. 5 July 2006 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................Read MoreCorporate Governance Sample4347 Words   |  18 PagesHome Page 1 of 11 Private Sector Corporate Governance Trust Home Events About Us Principles Sample Code Global Initiatives Board Principles of Good Corporate Governance Sample Code for Best Practice for Corporate Governance in Kenya SAMPLE CODE OF BEST PRACTICE FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN KENYA (This sample Code is intended to assist companies develop their own governance codes and is neither prescriptive nor mandatory) Authority and Duties of Shareholders Shareholders of theRead MoreA Comparitive Study of Corporate Governance in India and Companies Around the World5672 Words   |  23 Pagespossible without the help and support of Mr. Shreedhar Bhat, our mentor for the project. Our deepest gratitude goes out to him for guiding us at various stages with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through our project and make the necessary changes when required. We extend our thanks to Prof. K. S. Subramanian - Director, SCMHRD for extending his support to us. 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Nikita Khrushchev is a Significant Historic Leader Since...

Nikita Khrushchev also referred to as Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a significant historical leader in history, especially in the cold war. He had a great impact during the cold war because he did many so much improvements and progress for the Soviet Union nation. Nikita Khrushchev job during the cold war, was he led the Soviet Union, he aided the Soviets also known as the U.S.S.R. Also, he served as a premier. Khrushchev was born in a small Russian village named kalinovka on the day April 15, 1984. He worked as a pipefitter, this was before he went into politics as he was a young man. He first worked with the communist party around 1918, and then eventually became better and took over as the leader of the Soviet Union. Khrushchev impact on the cold war was that he worked with the Ukrainian communist party and also with a different political leader named Joseph Stalin. In the course of World War 2 he led the withdrawal of the Soviet Union’s soldiers because of the invasio n of Germany on the Soviet Union. Khrushchev worked with Stalin as his second hand, but also had a close connection with him. After Stalin’s death, Khrushchev intended to redeem all the power he lost throughout the years he was working with Joseph Stalin. Nikita Khrushchev became the first secretary of the communist party, and he tried to control every nation that Stalin would give independence to, and did not want the Soviet Union to help any nation in any way. Some other achievements Khrushchev didShow MoreRelatedPakistan Afghanistan Relations3175 Words   |  13 Pagesbrotherhood a living reality. It is therefore, part of the mission which Pakistan has set before itself to do every thing in its power to promote closer fellowship and cooperation between Muslim countries’. It was with this background that Pakistan, since its inception, pursued every step that could bring Muslim world closer at one platform. Its one of the fundamental principle has been to establish brotherly relations with the Muslim countries. Pakistan succeeded in cherishing very cordial relationsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Marketing Research Processes-Case Study

Question: Describe the Marketing Research Processes? Answer: 1. Executive Summary This market research study was conducted to determine if Elegant magazine an exclusive luxury lifestyle magazine should expand its distribution region from UAE only into the entire GCC region. The research method uses a combination of qualitative in depth client interviews and quantitative research for competitor pricing and distribution numbers and reach. The results of the research study will be analyzed to answer the MDP "Should we expand our distribution to cover the entire GCC region?" for Elgant magazine. The study takes three components of the MRQ to derive interview questions. The research study explains the methodology used for the interviews, who and how the interviewees were selected. The summery of the results then is analyzed to determine whether it would be feasible for Elegant magazine to expand its distribution to cover the entire GCC region instead of the current UAE only distribution. The decision will be based on the perceived demand and projected financial gains. 2. Background Research Company name: Elegante magazine. History: Elegante magazine was founded in 2009 in Beirut Lebanon. In 2011 the publication was introduced into UAE. In November 2014 there were some management changes and an overall haul of the magazine. Nature of Business: Quarterly published Luxury lifestyle magazine, target audience are high net-worth individuals who are interested in luxury brands and items. The range covers UAE locals and expats, male and female readers between the ages of 35 to 60. The Elegante Magazine is engaged in covering the stories of celebrities, big business tycoons and youth figure of style. Location: IT Plaza, office 916, silicon oasis. Dubai. UAE. Size: 7 working full time staffs and freelancers when needed. Competitive position: Most luxury lifestyle magazine in the UAE covers the entire GCC region, Elegante focus is to only cover UAE. Target market: Elegante magazines target markets are the UAE high end businesses, segments which includes luxury automobiles, high end fashion and jewelry, 5* hotels, resorts and spas. The magazine is well popular among the youth and business tycoons. Therefore, it targets the big brands name and personalities to increase their sale and brand value. Company performance level: Elegante magazine's sales currently is underperforming and is not being profitable. Main competitors of Elegant are, The Rake, Esquires, and Simply Abu Dhabi magazines. Elegant has a low percentage of repeat clients which is the primary reason for poor financial performance. Therefore, the low performance of the business is affecting it to maintain their market share and customer base. Moreover, the tough challenges from the competitors are hampering the Elegante magazine to maintain its growth rate. In order for Elegant to improve sales and profitability they have to discover the reasons why most clients do not choose to place repeat adverts with them. COUNTRIES LUXURY GOODS (%) UAE 4.89 Oman 4.64 Saudi Arabia 5.17 Qatar 5.24 Kuwait 4.62 Bahrain 4.54 Graph: Percentage of use of luxury goods in GCC (Source: World Economic Forum) It can be understood from the above graph that Qatar is ahead of the other GCC nations in terms of use of luxury goods. Moreover, it can be assumed that in income of people of Qatar is higher than other GCC nations. On the other hand, UAE falls in third place as cost of goods can be high in the country due to which many people may be hesitating to invest for the luxury product. Apart from that, UAE is ahead of other GCC nations such as Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain. Therefore, there is great opportunity for UAE to provide luxury goods to its people so that they can increase their market cap and competitive strongly among the GCC countries. Management Decision Problem (MDP): Should we expand our distribution to cover the entire GCC region? Marketing Research Problem (MRP): To determine how attractive it is to clients if distribution expands to cover the entire GCC region. Components i. What are the benefits of the proposed expansion for clients? Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will show the benefits offered to clients from expanding distribution to cover the GCC region. The expansion can be valuable for the magazine to reach out to large number of readers and customer circle can be increased. Moreover, the magazine can be able to place itself competitively in the magazine market in UAE and other areas. ii. Who are the clients interested in the expansion Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will know which UAE clients see Elegant as a better value, when servicing the GCC region. The clients can be able to invest in the magazine that can improve the sale of the magazine in future and it help in generating profit margin. iii. Will there be an audience for Elegant in the new region Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will have determined if there is a demand for luxury magazines in other regions of GCC. Therefore, it can be considered that Elegante can be able to pull the audience from the new region that can increase their value and visibility in the market. Research Methodology Research Approach The research approach can be effective for the research work so that purpose of the research can be fulfilled. The researcher can go for deductive approach as it can help the work to get accomplish in productive way. The existing theories can be used that can relate to the research paper and it can be modified as per the requirements. Therefore, inductive approach may not be as appropriate as the deductive approach (Bergh and Ketchen, 2009). On the other hand, the researcher may not have enough skills to introduce the new theories or concepts. Thus, the deductive approach can be effective in the practical employment of theories for the particular research paper. Research philosophy (Positivism) The chosen is positivism as subject of philosophy in applications of logic that help analyzing the hidden facts and information in scientific manner. Positivism tries to reject metaphysic so that details knowledge collections in enabled. Positivism is applied in the current context of the study which helps in better analysis of hidden facts and information related to the marketing research process along with consumer buying process (Bernard, 2011). However, nature of the study is time limited so interpretative and realism study is discarded as being the choice of research philosophy. Further, selection of positivism philosophy limits the researcher roles in manipulating or evaluating the data that leads to minimization of data errors as well. Research Design The research approach will be mostly be done in form of in depth interviews conducted with clients and potential clients of Elegant magazine. In addition there will be some quantitative research done to determine the demand and audience for luxury magazines. There will be a combination of exploratory and conclusive research. The clients of Elegant are high end brands and establishments, the point of contacts always are the organizations marketing managers and decision makers. The only feasible approach to our research study will be direct in depth interviews (Bryman and Bell, 2011). As the subjects are professional peers in the marketing field they would be aware projective techniques and trying to use them would come across as disrespectful and will be ineffective. As each of the clients is extremely busy with limited time and specific needs conducting a focus group would also be ineffective. A focus group would be too generalized and time inefficient for this group of professionals. A direct in depth interview will offer a clear and effective means to provide the clients with an opportunity to answer open ended questions, shedding light to complex needs and behaviors. In addition their input will be a great source of information as they would have no reason to hide or mask answers to their opinion on E legant expanding to a wider region. After all every marketer is interested in reducing their CPM (cost per thousand) and would want to be helpful to achieve lower CPM. Clients of Elegant are exclusive high end clients limited in number, catering to the crme de la crme of our society. When dealing with high end people and organizations service becomes a key component to attracting and closing the deal. In order to increase repeat clients for Elegant only in depth interviews can provide the necessary information to adopt strategies and solutions to meet their needs. As the readership of Elegant is the target audience the advertisers will be reaching out to, it becomes relevant to conduct qualitative research to determine the demand for luxury magazines in the rest of the GCC region. Our study will research the luxury consumer market in the rest of the GCC as well as Elegant's main competitors market share and pricing structure. The data on the GCC luxury market will be obtained from industry reports and the pricing structure data will be obtained from primary market research. The research errors will be limited as the qualitative data will come from sources that have vested interest in providing accurate information and the quantitative data will come from reliable secondary sources (Burns et al. 2008). The primary data for competitor information is data available readily to anyone interested in using their services and will be accurate. Exploratory Research Exploratory research was conducted in form of in depth interviews with twelve marketing managers who are the policy makers and project implementers in a two month period. These marketing managers act as gateways to the higher level stakeholders who the final decision power of approving or disapproving the placement of the adverts (Cooper and Schindler, 2010). However on most cases the high level stakeholders rely on the recommendation of their marketing manager for their decision regarding marketing expenditures. Elegant magazine is in a unique position compared to other high volume transaction firms. The current client database consists of approximately two hundred clients with around sixty of them being active clients (Elegant manager). The remaining clients have sporadically placed adverts with Elegant magazine. The advertisement placement cycle is long with Elegant as there are only four issues printed within a year. Due to this long cycle and the relatively small number of clients Elegant magazine sales team has ample time to meet with clients to strategize and follow up. During these meetings a strong and open relationship has been established with the clients, it is due to this relationship that each of the interviewees did not deem it necessary for Elegant to provide a confidentiality clause or consent form. Data sources (Primary and secondary) The study requires only primary sources of informations which helps the topic in extracting the information from the employees of the organizations. The first hand data collection however needs clarification of reliability and validity. In case of secondary data sources , data are used a widening the concept of research that also enables better study of the topic as it involves more data and description (Corbetta, 2009). Primary data includes interaction sections with operation managers who helped in gaining information as per the research objectives. Apart from that, literature sources of the desertions can be considered as output if information gained through secondary sources Primary data sampling techniques Information applications: data gained via topic will helpful in understanding the present trend of the marketing management strategy used by the various organizations. The manager of the Elegant has been chosen for the organizational success. However, any commercial applications of the data will be able avoided so that the findings can be strictly limited to academic purpose only. Respondents participation: The researcher tried to insert no external influence on pressure over the respondents for taking part in the feedback process of the research topic. Respondents with as sense on voluntary participation were encouraged to participate in the following topic (Burns et al.2008). Respondents secrecy: It was ensured that any form if mental or physical harassment was not involved with the respondents so the identity of respondents were covered as per the request for participants (Cooper and Schindler, 2010). Based on the above mentioned list of ethical consideration, the researcher tried to maintain the basic research ethics. Although the Elegant interviewer could have conducted their interview without announcing that they were doing so and the information needed could have been collected as part of their usual meetings, for ethical reasons the client was made aware their responses would become part of a research study and were offered a written confidentiality agreement and consent form. Every interviewee declined the written agreement and was content by verbally asking to remain anonymous. The strength of the relationship and the non sensitive nature of the interview were the reasons why the interviewees were comfortable and willing to share their answers with the Elegant interviewer. The assumption made by the interviewer is that the interviewee will have no motivation to disclose inaccurate information. This assumption is made due to two important and relevant facts, the existing positive relationship and the non sensitive nature of the interview subject. Another fact helping the integrity of the answ ers is the direct benefit to the client by expanding the distribution region which reduces the CPM. From the twelve interviews six were conducted with repeat clients and six with non repeating advert clients. From each group half of the clients have market presence in the GCC region while the other have only operate in the UAE. This sampling was done to cover the four possible combination of client specification. 1 repeat client operating only within UAE market 2 repeat client operating in the GCC market 3 non repeating client operating only within UAE market 4 non repeating client operating in the GCC market Elegant magazine interviewer had 10 questions to explore. The initially factual questions were used followed by opinionated ones, all the questions were open ended and probes were used when necessary. The protocol of the interviews was standardized, informal without using any recording devices. The interviewer used notes with follow up notes after the interviews. The opening and closing of all the interviews were also standardized to maintain a consistent format. In order to answer the three components of MRQ the following questions were asked. The four variations in the question were tailored for UAE only market, GCC market, repeat and non repeating clients. What are the benefits of the proposed expansion for clients? Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will show the benefits offered to clients from expanding distribution to cover the GCC region. Who are the clients interested in the expansion Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will know which UAE clients see Elegant as a better value, when servicing the GCC region. Have you found the fact that Elegant only distributes their magazines in UAE as a limiting factor for your marketing needs? Will there be an audience for Elegant in the new region Decision outcome: upon completion of our research we will show the benefits offered to clients from expanding distribution to cover the GCC region. This component used quantitative research. Time scale for the research Figure 1: Gantt chart (Source: created by author) Conclusion The present chapter described the various research tools of selection that can help in better analysis of the topic. With the help of this chapter, the researcher tried to align the nature of the study along with the available research techniques so that possibly the best research methodology is framed. The tools more appropriate to analyse the concepts of present marketing trend for the Elegant magazine. References Bergh, D. and Ketchen, D. J. (2009) Research methodology in Strategy and Management, 1st ed. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd Bernard, H. R. (2011) Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 5th ed. Plymouth: Alta Mira Press. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2011) Business Research Methodology. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Burns, R. B., Burns, R. and Burns, R. P. (2008) Business Research Methods and Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd. ed. London: Sage Publications. Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. S. (2010) Business Research Methods, 11th ed. London: McGra-Hill. Corbetta, P. (2009) Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Life In Ancient Greece Essays - Tourism In Greece, Isthmia, Greece

Life in Ancient Greece Life in Ancient Greece The way of life in Greek city-states remained mostly the same for a long time. Depending on their wealth, people in the urban center lived in low apartment buildings or single-family homes. Homes, public buildings, and temples were where people gathered for conversation and to buy food and crafts at daily markets. Citizens also lived in small villages or farmhouses scattered around the city-state's countryside. In Athens, more people lived outside the city's wall than inside. Houses were simple, containing bedrooms, storage rooms, and a kitchen around a small inner courtyard, but no bathrooms. Waste was dumped in a pit outside the door and then collected for disposal in the countryside. Most families consisted of parents and their children, but generally no other relatives. Fathers were responsible for supporting the family by work or by investments in land and commerce. Mothers were responsible for managing the household's supplies and overseeing the slaves, who fetched water in jugs from public fountains, cooked, cleaned, and looked after babies. Light came from olive oil lamps, heat from smoky charcoal braziers. Furniture was simple and sparse, usually consisting of wooden chairs, tables, and beds. Food was simple too; they grew olives, grapes, figs, and some grains, like wheat and barley, and kept goats to provide milk and cheese. Bakeries sold fresh bread daily, and small stands offered snacks. Most people also raised chickens and ate eggs regularly. Although the soil was poor for growing many types of grains, olive trees and grapes grew quite well in Greece and they still do today. Fish, seafood, and wine diluted with water were very popular food items. In some of the larger Greek city-states, meat could be purchased in cook shops. Meat was rarely eaten, and was used mostly for religious sacrifices. Men kept fit by exercising daily to be ready for military service. Every city-state had at least one gymnasium, a combination exercise building, running track, bathing facility, lecture hall, and park, open only to males. Men who lived in the city went there for physical training, ball games, gambling, and relaxation. Women entertained themselves by visiting friends and attending public festivals. City-state festivals provided the most exciting entertainment. Gods were honored with competitions in music, dance, drama, and poetry. Athens boasted of holding a festival nearly every other day. The huge Panhellenic festivals held at Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, and Isthmia attracted spectators and professional contestants from throughout the Greek world. Athletes and musicians who won competitions became rich and famous. The most spectacular event was chariot racing, which required excellent horses.